Neurons are considered to be at rest when they are not actively communicating with another cell. The Resting Membrane Potential What Is It? The axon then passes the signal along the length of the neuron. The cell body – otherwise known as the soma- integrates the signal through the nucleus. The axon- which is the long branch that extends from the cell bodyĭendrites receive incoming signals, which are then converted from chemical to electrical.The cell body (or soma)- which contains the nucleus and organelles.Dendrites- which are short extensions on the cell body.Illustration of the key parts needed for neural signaling This speed is critical for the rapid response of the nervous system, which allows incoming stimuli to be processed to the brain and back almost instantly. Neurons are able to communicate with each other by passing along electrochemical signals at speeds of up to 120 meters per second. The nervous system is made up of single cells called neurons. Close-up of a presynaptic neuron communicating with a postsynaptic neuron at the axon terminal Review of the Neuron This results in communication between stimulated neurons and target cells. When action potentials reach the axon terminal, calcium floods the neuron, allowing synaptic vesicles to fuse with the membrane and release stored neurotransmitters to target cells. The axon terminal, also known as the synaptic bouton and terminal bouton, is the most distal portion of a neuron’s axon and is critical for neural communication.
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